Mostly the orbital welding process is undertaken on thin walled round tube and is popular when consistant welds are required on in-situ pipework.
However there are occasions when thicker wall sections are welded with this process with the aim of creating full penetration welds. This requires higher than usual amperages causing standard collets that clamp the pipes to get very hot which in turn reduces the robustness of the process requiring the operator to adjust welding parameters between joints to get the penetration consistancy required.
A standard option that goes partway to providing a solution is to have the orbital head itself liquid-cooled. A more robust solution is to have the collets held at a consistant temperature by liquid cooling – these can be made to clamp a range of pipe diameters and fit on most orbital welding heads.